Process of making bimetallic products.



PATENTED MAY 14, 1907. J. F. MONNOT & MARTIN. PROCESS OF MAKING BIMBTALLIG PRODUCTS.

APPLIOATION FILED APE.30.1904.

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UNITED STATES PA NT oF IoE.

I 4 JOHN FERREOL MoNNo-r, or NEW YORK, N. Y., AND EDOU'ARD MARTIN, OF

, PARIS, FRANCE, SAID'MARTIN ASSIGNOR TO SAID MQNNOT.

-PR'OCESS OF MAKING BIIVIETALLIC PRGDUOTS- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented ma 14, 1907.

Application filed April so, 1904. stream. 205,669.

To all whom it-Jndy concern):

Be it known that we, J OHN FERREOL MON NOT, a citizen of the United States, and a resident: of the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and St ate of N ew York, and'EDQUARD MARTIN, a citizen of the Republic of France, and a resident of Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements prising mass that may into wires and otherwise acts like a single biemetallic ingots,

in Processes of Making Bimetallic Products, of which the following is a specification, ac companied by drawings.-

This invention relates to improvements in processes ofmaking bimetallic ingots, sheets, tubes, wires, and the like; and its objects are to improve upon such processes and prevent waste, with a reduction of cost in the preparation and handling-of the material to be operated upon.

According to this invention the consist of bi-metals, such as steel an steel and brass, steel and silver, steel and aluminium, nickel and copper, brass and silver, and other pairs of metals of'unlike'chemical character, that is, joined pairs of metals which have no predominating metallic com-- onent in common; which may e found use- 1. Ingots of any required dimensions may be products produced in accordance with this process, 'and the proportions offlthe metals entering into the composition of the ingots may be exactly determined and maintained throughout the finishing processes. Once an ingot, for instance, is produced, the metals comit are so united together that it is im ossible to separate them either mechanica ly or by heat They form a homogeneous be rolled in sheets or drawn metah' p p Further o jects of the invention will hereinafter appear, and to these endsthe invention consists of a process for manufacturing,- sheets, tubes, wires, and the like, substantially as hereinafter fully described and claimed in this specificatiom Suitable apparatus for carrying out the process is shown 1n the accompanying drawings, in whichv F' 'ure 1 is avert-ical sectional view through a fulT ingot mold used in the process; Fig. 2 is an elevation, partly in section, of one of the molds in a press; iional iview of a modified form of mold filled copper,-- v

i the corevof the in at.

Fi 3 is a vertical sec'- with metalyFig. .4 is a-transverse sectional view of another modified form of mold.

In carrying out the process, a mold a, like that shown'inFig. 1, may be used, the bore of which" may be cylindrical, or it may be smaller at one end than at the other,- as shown in Fig. .2. The interior of the mold may also be pyramidal if desired, or it may be oblong in cross-section, cross-section, as for.- instance, round, square, polygonal, or oval,

ingot to be produced. The capacity of the .mold will also vary according to the size of or of any desired I according to the kind of the ingotto be produced, from one hundred to five thousand pounds, or more if necessary.

The first step in the process consists of placing in the-mold a metallic lining b of the desired metal while. in a cold state. This lining may be of co metals with w ich it .is desired to combine The lining should fit perfectly inside o the mold and be in good contact herewith-and is made by cupping,

moldin orhammermg the sheet metal on a mandre having the profile of the ingot mold. The metallic lining b of sheet metal should be of such dimensions as to obtain the proportion in the bi-metal product to be made out of the ingot/ 1 The working of the sheet metal for the lining before it is place inthe mold hardens it. It ivesit a close texture, which enables it to resist the high temperatures of the molten 'steel, and the sheet metal is furthermore used cold to avoid its melting. The surface of the per, brass, silver, or anyof the sheet metal lining is hard and smooth after being worked as described, and is not suitable for obtaining a good-union with the steel. Therefore before lacing the lining in the 'mold, itis preferably cleaned with cyanid of potassium or othersuitable substance, and covered with a thin electrolytic deposit of copper, tin, zinc, or other suitable metal. This electrolytic copper being thin and of loose texture, will melt in contact with the molten steel and alloy with it on the line of contact, thereby facilitating the welding of the so-alloyed steel with the pure sheet of co er.)

he ingot mold a lined with the metallic sheet bis then placed on its base and filled up with liquid steel obtained from a steel furnace, preferably from a Siemens-Martin fur nace. If metal other than steel is to be used, it

is runinto the mold in place of the steel. After ouring, the steel has been more or less solid' ed by cooling at the expense of' the jacketing layer of non-ferrous metal and the latter in turn has been heated to a uniting temperature. Both are in a more, or less soft or plastic condition, thereby enabling the pressure to work to the best advantage.

The shell should be in good contact with the mold wall and in suchcondition as to resist complete fusion .by .the heat of the molten, higher-melting metal cast into it.

mg pressure to the entire surface of contact of the metals, as for'instance, by squeezing the core and the lining I) through a contracted opening, to form the'two-metals' into a homogeneous mass. -If a mold is used having one end smaller than the other, asshown in Fig. 1, it may be transported immediately after the steel is run into it, to an hydraulic press c, as shown in Fig.2. The mold a is firmly'maintained in position by the frame of the press, as shown, beneath an opening 0 of substantially the same size as the small open ing in the mold. I I

The broader base of the conical ingot mold is placed upon the piston 11 of the hydraulic press, and after permittin 'a suflicient cooling of the steel or other meta so that it will not run out of the press, the iston d is raised, thereby forcing the ingot t oughthe's'maller end of the mold and through the hole 0 in the frameof the press. thus be strongly'compressed against the side of the mold, and pressure is applied to the'entiresurface of contact of the coating metal and the core, thereby perfectly Welding the different metals and entirely suppressing the flaws between them.

If a cylindrical'mold' is used, or one with parallel sides, a spherical, conical, or pyrami- 5 d-al cap e would e' placed on the top of the ingot mold a, as shown in Fig. 3, and then both the mold and the cap placed in the hydraulic press. In this case the ingot would be forced through the conical cape by means of a suitable iston. pressureof t e. piston on the core will force the metal against the si es of the mold as well as the die, and thereby cause firm welding. Another mode of o eration would be to form the hole 0 in the frame of the press, conical or pyramidal, and force the metal through this from a cylindrical mold, or one withstraight sides. Either form of mold allows the joined metals to be forced out through a contracted orifice by hydraulic or nal length.

The different metals will The core being soft, the

other pressure while still in a soft or comparatively fluent state, thereby applying pressure to the entire surface of contact of such metals.

In the case of using a cylindrical mold, or one having arallel sides, the ingot may be taken outp the mold when it is sufficiently cooled, and carried to suitable rolls with the re uired rofile and there be drawn into a bar of rom t ree to five, or more, times its origi- The rolling operations erfect the union of the different metals and t 1e suppressionof any flaws between them.-- If the ingot mold is made substantially flat, like that shown in Fig. 4, the ingot may be taken out as described and passed through appropriate rolls, or placed upon the bed of a powerful hydraulic press between two plates of well-planed steel, and strongl compressed to weld the metals together am obviate any flaws between them.

The ingots, obtained in accordance with this process may afterward be re-heated in a special furnace having muffles, and then well hammered. They are then ready for different kinds of mills according to the uses of the products, as for instance, for the formation of ars, sheets, tubes, wires, etc. After the ingots have been 'once repared as described, in accordance with t is process, they may also be worked in ordinary rolling, or wire mills, like a single metal.

Bi-metallic' sheets may be made with the coating metal onone side or on both sides, by placing in'the ingot mold having a flat section, sheets of. copper, brass, silver, etc., on one sideor on both sides of the flat faces of the mold, the small faces preferably remaining without any lining.

Obviously, the apparatus for carrying out this process may vary widely and different modes of operation may be foupd for roducing the same ends, by substantially t 1e same steps, therefore, .without enumerating all the equivalents of this process, we claim and desire to obtain by Letters Patent the follow- The process substantiall as hereinafter described of making bi-m e'ta lic products of differentmetals welded together which consists in first applyingon the inside surfaces of an ingot mold of suitable shape, a'sheet metal lining of the desired metal while in a cold state, for the purpose of forming the coating of the finished product, thenrunning into the cold sheet metal lining'of the mold, molten metal for the core or base of a different kind chemically from the metal forming the lining, and forcing the core and the sheet costing metal together by pressure applied to the entire surface of contact of the metals while at a suitable temperature to perfectly weld them and thereby suppress any flaws between them. v

2. The process substantially as hereinafter described of making bi-metallic products of differentmetals welded together, which consists in first applying on the inside surface of. an ingot mold of suitable shape, a sheet metal lining of the desired metal while in a cold state, for the purpose of forming the coating having a base of one kind of metal and-a coatfor'thelbaseof a difierent kind from the ing of another kind of metal, which consists inpreparing the surface of a sheet coating metal, by cleaning the surface and covering the same with an electrolytic deposit of suitable metal, as copper, tin, ,zinc, or other de-. sired metal, to prevent oxidation and cause perfect w'elding, then applying the sheet coating metal while'in a cold state to the inside surface of an ingot mold offsuitable shape for the purpose of forming the coating of thefinished product, then running into the cold sheet metal lining of the mold, molten metal metal forming the lining, and forcing the base and the sheet coating metal together by pressure applied to the entire surface ofcon- 'ing mold, for the purpose of forming the coat-'- tact of the metals while ata suitable temperacure to perfectly weld'themand thereby suppress any flaws between them. v

4. The process of making bimetallic ingots, which consists in first applying 'asheetmetal lining to the inside surface of a tapering of the finished article, then running into the sheet metal lining molten metal for the core or base of a different kind from the metal for forming the coating, and then unit: ing the-core and coating by forcing theingot,

I while at a welding temperature, longitudinally of the mold to wardthe smaller end.

5. The process of producing bimetallic products comprising. metals of chemically different character united together which consists in forming a hollowhody of one such metal, casting therein an unlike more infusible, metal ina molten condition, and compressing the two metals together-while still in a plastic co'nditionQ 6.- The process of producing bimetallic products comprising a ferrous and a non-fer r'o'us metal united together which consists in forming a hollow body of such non ferrous metal, casting said ferrous metal therein and compressing the two metals. together 'while still in a heated and lastic condition. 7. The process of 'orming bimetallic products comprising steel and copper united tocfop'per body," casting steel therein and compressing the two metals together while still in a heated and'plastic condition.-

8-. The process of producing bimetallic productscomprisingmetals of chemicall different character united together which consists in forming'a hollow body of one such metal, coating with a loose textured film of comparatively fusible metal, casting therein an' unlike'more infusible metal While in a molten condition, and compressing the two metals together while still in a heated condi-' tion.

9. The process of producing bimetallic character united together, which consists in applying to the inside'surfaces of an ingot mold of suitable shape, a sheet metal lining of the desired metal While in a cold state,

finished product, then running into t e cold sheet metal lining core or base and forcin the core and the sheet coating metal togeifii plied to the entire surface of contact of the metals while at a suitable temperature to perfectlyunite them and thereby suppress any flaws between them.

'10. The process of producing bimetallic which consists in first applying on the inside coating of -the finished product, then running into the cold sheet metal lining of the mold, a molten unlike metal for the core or. base, and compressing and forcing the sufficiently a plastic condition throug a contracted opening to perfectly weld the two metals totweenthem.- I

-11. The process of producing bimetallic products having a base of one metal and a coating of an unlikemetal, which consists in' pre aring the surface of a sheet coating metal 'y cleaning the surface and covering the same with an electrolytic deposit of comparatively fusible metal, to prevent oxidation and cause perfect welding, then a'ppl ing the surface of an ingot mold of suitable shape for the purpose of forming the coating of the fillished product, then running into) the cold sheet metal lining of the mold an unlike molten metal for the base, and forcing the base and sheet coating metal together by pressure applied to the entire surface of conperature to perfectly weld them and thereby suppress any flaws between them.

12, The process of producing bimetallic products of metals of vchemically difierent er by pressure apgether and thereby suppress any flaws be gether which consists in forming a hollow forthe purpose of forming thecoatin of the of the mold, a molten metal of chemically different character for the products of unlike metals united together,

surface of an'ingot mold of suitable shape a I IQO cooled core and sheet 'coatin "metal while in sheet metal while in a cold state to t e inside tact "of the metals while at a suitable temproducts comprising unlike metals united together which consists in first a plying a sheet metal lining to the inside su ace of a tapering mold, for the purpose of forming the coating of the finished article, then running into the sheet metal lining a molten unlike metal for the core or base, and then uniting the core and coating by forcing the ingot While at a welding temperature, longitudinally of the mold toward the smaller end.

13. The process of producing bimetallic products comprising metals of chemically different character united together which consists in forming a hollow body of one such metal, casting therein a more infusible metal of chemically different character in a molten condition, and forcing the compound ingot so formed through a contracted opening to unite said metals together.

14'. The process of producing bimetallic I products comprising steel and a metal of chemically different character welded together which consists in forming a hollow ody of such unlike metal, casting therein molten steel, and forclng the compound in- 'got so formed through a contracted opening.

15. The process of producing bimetallic rior surface with a loose textured layer, of

comparatively fusible metal casting therein a more-infusible unlike metal in a molten condition, and forcing the compound ingot so formed through a contracted opening to complete the union.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN FERREOL MONNOT. EDOUARD MARTIN.

l/Vitnesses as to J. F. Monnot:

H. G. OGDEN, Sr., E. VAN ZANDT.

Witnesses as to E. Martin JEAN BAR, GAL. CHARLES CAFFARELE. 

